Since 1967, International Literacy Day (ILD) has been celebrated annually worldwide to underscore the importance of literacy as a matter of dignity and human rights. Established by UNESCO, this day highlights literacy as a fundamental pillar for creating a more literate and sustainable society. It represents not just an event, but a global commitment to advancing universal education and understanding.
Progress and Ongoing Challenges
Despite considerable strides in global literacy, around 14% of the world’s population remains illiterate today. This figure marks a notable decrease from the 43% illiteracy rate in 1980, yet significant challenges persist. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa still grapples with an illiteracy rate of about 35-40%, and Southern Asia faces a rate of approximately 20-25%. These statistics reflect the ongoing need for concerted efforts to enhance literacy, especially in underserved regions.
The Need for Improvement Beyond Basic Literacy
While it is crucial to continue addressing the needs of those who remain illiterate, it is equally important to consider the condition of those who have achieved literacy. Improving literacy rates is only part of the equation; we must also ensure that literacy translates into a meaningful and enriching experience. The focus should not just be on increasing the number of literate individuals, but also on enhancing the quality of education and the depth of understanding it provides.
Expanding the Concept of Literacy
As we reflect on International Literacy Day, it’s essential to rethink what literacy truly encompasses. Traditional literacy, which includes the ability to read and write, is only a part of the broader picture. Acharya Prashant, an IIT-IIM alumnus, Vedanta teacher, Indian philosopher, and author, suggests that our understanding of literacy needs to evolve. He asserts, “Education should not only focus on external knowledge but also on internal self-awareness.”
Beyond Basic Literacy: The Superficial Layer
Traditional literacy education often emphasizes practical skills and knowledge about the physical world. This education covers subjects such as languages, history, geography, mathematics, and sciences, equipping individuals with tools for livelihood, comfort, and understanding of the physical world. While essential, this approach addresses only the external aspects of existence.
Acharya Prashant highlights the limitations of this superficial layer of education. He points out, “Education takes care of only one pole of man’s existence, the body pole, the physical pole.” He criticizes this approach for focusing solely on external objects and practical knowledge, without addressing deeper questions about personal meaning or self-awareness.
The Higher Education: Understanding the Self
To address these limitations, Acharya Prashant introduces the concept of “higher education.” This form of education goes beyond the physical and material realms to focus on the internal self. He explains, “Higher education involves introspection, self-awareness, and a deep understanding of one’s own mind.” It aims to explore fundamental questions such as, “Who am I?” and to awaken intelligence through understanding the processes of the mind and conditioning.
Acharya Prashant argues that “Real education takes the mind not outwards but inwards.” He emphasizes the importance of “a deep and intelligent observation of one’s own mental and emotional states.” By exploring personal emotions and mental states, individuals can achieve greater self-understanding and personal growth. This form of education nurtures a deeper understanding of oneself and emotional well-being, complementing traditional education by fostering self-growth and self-awareness.
The Limitations of External Knowledge
The emphasis on superficial education has led to a world where technological advances coexist with significant ethical and existential challenges. As Acharya Prashant notes, despite our progress in technology and space exploration, “we often neglect deeper questions of personal growth and self-awareness.” This imbalance manifests in societal issues like environmental destruction and social inequality.
Albert Einstein once remarked, “We are living in an age where it is easier to break an atom than to break a prejudice.” This quote highlights the paradox of our times, where despite advancements in physical sciences, deep-seated prejudices and ethical dilemmas remain. Acharya Prashant highlights that our emphasis on superficial knowledge frequently leads to societal problems that reveal a lack of deeper self-awareness and ethical consideration. He points out, “Today we know how we are destroying the planet with global warming,” emphasizing the disconnect between our technological prowess and our ethical responsibility. This disconnect illustrates the limitations of an education that prioritizes external knowledge over internal understanding and ethical reflection.
Integrating Both Layers of Education
Acharya Prashant advocates for integrating both superficial and higher education to achieve a balanced and meaningful understanding of the world. He suggests, “Superficial education provides practical skills and knowledge necessary for societal functioning, while higher education fosters personal growth and self-awareness.” This integrated approach is crucial for addressing both societal needs and individual well-being.
In Upanishads, “Vidya” represents true education, encompassing knowledge of the self, whereas “Avidya” refers to knowledge of external objects. Acharya Prashant asserts that while Avidya is valuable for practical purposes, Vidya—understanding the self and one’s inner processes—is essential for a holistic and fulfilling life. Integrating both types of knowledge ensures a balanced approach to education, addressing both the external demands of the world and the internal quest for self-discovery and meaning.
The Consequences of Ignoring Higher Education
Neglecting higher education in favor of superficial knowledge can lead to numerous societal and personal issues. Acharya Prashant observes that the focus on external knowledge has resulted in a world with technological advancements but also significant ethical and existential crises. This imbalance can lead to “smart phones but stupid people,” where technological sophistication is paired with a lack of true understanding and wisdom.
Modern education’s competitive and materialistic nature often reinforces traits such as greed and violence. As Acharya Prashant notes, “The current educational system tends to foster a mindset that values material success over personal fulfillment and ethical consideration.” This focus can result in individuals who, despite their technological expertise, lack a deeper understanding of themselves and their place in the world.
A Call for True Education
On this International Literacy Day, it is vital to reflect on the broader implications of education. While advances in literacy and external knowledge are crucial, they are not sufficient for a truly meaningful and fulfilling life. Higher education, which involves understanding oneself and one’s inner processes, is equally important. By integrating both superficial and higher education, we can address both practical needs and deeper questions of individual well-being.
As Jesus said, “Man does not live by bread alone.” True education must extend beyond mere survival and comfort, fostering self-awareness and ethical understanding. By prioritizing higher education and self-discovery, we can build a more harmonious and enlightened world.
In conclusion, while literacy and external knowledge are fundamental for practical living, they must be complemented by a deeper understanding of the self. This balanced approach to education will address both the practical and existential dimensions of human existence, leading to a more comprehensive and fulfilling understanding of life.
