Dr Abilash Srivatsav, Orthopedic, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bannerghatta & Sarjapur.
Arthritis is usually thought as an illness that affects older people, but shockingly it can also occur in children, typically referred as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). It is a chronic disease when the immune system of a child accidentally attacks its own joints creating pain, swelling, and stiffness Although it can sound scary, with the right care and awareness children with arthritis can lead active and happy lives.
Children’s arthritis is totally different from what the adults have. In adults the joint pain would be due to wear and tear caused by old age, whereas in children it’s primarily an autoimmune disorder. That is, the immune system that would otherwise fight germs and infections begins to attack the healthy tissues of the joints. Unlike adults, children might not be able to articulate what they feel so clearly and therefore show signs such as limping, morning stiffness or the sudden refusal to play.
Also, the arthritis can influence the growth of children. Since their bones and muscles are still developing inflammation in the joints can sometimes cause one limb to grow faster or slower than the other leading to uneven growth. Early diagnosis then becomes extremely critical in such cases.
Juvenile arthritis symptoms may differ from child to child some frequent signs include Swelling of one or more joints, commonly knees or wrists, Pain or stiffness particularly on waking up or after a nap, Limping or trouble moving joints. Redness or heat around joints, feeling tired, being easily irritated, or loss of appetite are also some of the symptoms for which they should be on lookout. In some instances, child arthritis can also lead to eye issues like pain, redness or blurred vision and therefore regular eye examination is necessary as well.
What Causes It?
Arthritis occurs when immune system goes out of balance. It begins attacking healthy joints’ tissues Rather than defending the body. Heredity can be involved — if a relative has an autoimmune disease. In other instances factors in the environment such as infection might bring it on in children who are already genetically predisposed.
Prevention and Early Detection
There is no way to entirely prevent juvenile arthritis but diagnosing it early can reduce the problem. Parents need to be very aware of small changes in their child’s activities and mood. If a child is regularly complaining of joint pain and stiffness or extreme fatigue it is best to see a paediatrician as soon as possible. A good diet containing calcium, vitamin D and some protein will help create healthy bones and joints. Helping the child stay physically active, stretching and participating in recreational sports is a good way to help keep joints flexible and strong as well.
Treatment Options
The purpose of treatment is to manage inflammation, reduce pain and prevent permanent joint damage. Doctors frequently advise medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control swelling and pain. For patients with more severe condition disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologic medications may be offered to modulate the immune system response.
Aside from medications, physical therapy also has an important role. Gentle exercise keeps the joints moving and free of stiffness. Swimming, cycling and yoga can all be good low-impact activities for children with arthritis.
Emotional support is also very important as chronic illnesses can impact confidence and mood. Support from family members, counseling and understanding in the school environment can assist children in coping and participating.
Juvenile arthritis can be a chronic condition, but if children are treated early, given proper management, and receive regular attention their arthritis can usually be managed. Many children will even grow out of the condition as adults and children who don’t will still be able to lead productive lives with appropriate medical care.
The secret is getting early attention, having persistence and having understanding – when tarted early, children’s arthritis cannot get in the way of their play, educational process or life aspirations.
